ETERNAL VIGILANCE

Eric :This news may be a form of propaganda too. As you have watched just now, Singaporeans will belief that they are well protected by the defenses like the cannons around the coast and the protection from the war ships like the prince of whales. But who knows, they are still defeated. The British make the Singapore in the war believe that the Singapore is invincible like a impregnable fortress, so when the Japanese struck the Singapore was totally unprepared.

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This is our group powerpoint slide for our presentation.

grp-presentation-film2

Ms Lee , that means our group need to present again right?

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I want to see communication and creativity. Use toondoo to show summary of chapter for examples. I will be commenting when I am free , i will also be redoing those post and showing by toondoo or mindmapping. If you have any enquires , sms me. I will be giving you datelines.

Datelines:

• Questioner:[Hui Yu]- To come up with interesting DISCUSSION QUESTIONS for the chapters in the book, especially questions like “What does this tell us about…….” or “Why do you think…..” Post at least 5-10 questions on chapter 1. (By Thurday)
• Vocab Wizard:[Nur Qairunissa]- To pick out IMPORTANT or DIFFICULT WORDS in the chapter and explain what it means to the group. This SHOULD NOT BE just copied from dictionary BUT MUST be EXPLAINED in relation to the TEXT! You can be creative in your explanation and use PHOTOS or DRAWINGS or CLIP ART to explain the meanings clearly. Post those words In chapter 1 by (By Thurday) using toondoo.
• Plot Mapper:[Jie Cheng]-To mindmap or storyboard IMPT PARTS of the story BY USING THE elements of a NARRATIVE like: Trigger Event, Sequence of IMPORTANT EVENTS/ACTIONS ( this must be linked in terms of CAUSE and EFFECT throughout the chapters), PROBLEM/CONFLICT using toondoo if possible. (By thurday)
• Quote Picker:[Eric]- Pick impt QUOTES from chapters and start a discussion about the meaning and significance of the quote to the story like development of plot, character, or theme. (By Thurday)
• Character Tracker:[Min Wen]- identify important characters in each chapter and track the development of the character though the chapters through what character says or does and what other character says about this him/her. You must explain what it tells YOU about the character like the personality. The most IMPT CHARACTERS to FOCUS ON will be :Scout, Atticus, Jem, Bill, Calpurnia, Tom Robinson, Mayella Ewell, Bob Ewell, and Boo Radley By thursday.
• Discussion Leader:[Joranna]-

  Discussion Leader: To check and read through other members work and come up with interesting ideas to discuss based on what other members post or based on your own reading. Focus on THEMES in the story: COURAGE, INTEGRITY, PREJUDICE, RACISM etc

  d) All work must be done ONLINE in the languagearts blog and every post MUST BE CLEARLY TAGGED with the name of the person who posted it. The TAGS box is just below the TEXT box where you type.

  e) You are given BONUS MARKS for using online tools like Toondoo, Comic Life, online mindmapping and Voicethread etc

  f) The work above MUST BE DONE BASED ON Chapters 1 – 10

  g) Like your PROJECT WORK, you need to post regularly and comment /discuss regularly if you want to SCORE. You know how important the marks are to you BY NOW, so do work hard. Anyone with NO INTERNET ACCESS, you CAN use the SCHOOL LIBRARY COMPUTERS, so I won’t accept any excuses.

Last updated: 20 June.

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 What is photo journalism?

What makes a photojournalist different from a photographer?

Photographers take pictures of nouns (people, places and things). Photojournalists shoot action verbs (”kicks,” “explodes,” “cries,” etc.). Photojournalists do shoot some nouns. These nouns can be standard photos of people (portraits), places (proposed zoning areas or construction sites) and things (name it). However, the nouns we seek still must tell a story.

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Script:

Scene 5- Jiecheng: Good afternoon, this is Jie Cheng reporting the Singapore fortress. As you can see, many people are at the coast.

Scene 6- Jiecheng: Are you worried about the attacked? Huiyu: Of course not, we are well-protected. Don’t forget, we also have the naval base and protection from the prince of whales.

Scene 7- Eric: Yah, we have cannon all over the coast.

Scene 8- Minwen:  We have good facilities like military airfeild & underground dunkers.

Scene 9- Thanks for your reply.

Scene 10- [Black Out.]

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Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism (the collecting, editing, and presenting of news material for publication or broadcast) that creates images in order to tell a news story. It is now usually understood to refer only to still images, and in some cases to video used in broadcast journalism. Photojournalism is distinguished from other close branches of photography (such as documentary photography, street photography or celebrity photography) by the qualities of:

• Timeliness — the images have meaning in the context of a recently published record of events.

• Objectivity — the situation implied by the images is a fair and accurate representation of the events they depict in both content and tone.

• Narrative — the images combine with other news elements to make facts relatable to the viewer or reader on a cultural level.

An example of photo journal is your asian geography.

I will post the picture when we go for the next lesson on the photo course.

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Definition/Meaning Of Propaganda: Ater all anything can be used – propaganda depends on purpose, and whether the message is one-sided and biased and intended to make others BELIEVE something or to influence their attitude or opinion

1. Why think about propaganda? It may seem strange to suggest that the study of propaganda has relevance to contemporary politics. After all, when most people think about propaganda, they think of the enormous campaigns that were waged by Hitler and Stalin in the 1930s. Since nothing comparable is being disseminated in our society today, many believe that propaganda is no longer an issue.
2. Children and Propaganda: Another vulnerability of children is the theoretical influence that their peers have over their behaviour. According to Judith Rich Harris’s group-socialization theory, children learn the majority of what they do not receive paternally, through genes, from their peer groups. The implication then is that if peer-groups can be indoctrinated through propaganda at a young age to hold certain beliefs, the group will self-regulate the indoctrination, since new members to the group will adapt their beliefs to fit the group’s.
3. History of propaganda: Propaganda has been a human activity as far back as reliable recorded evidence exists.
   The Behistun Inscription (c. 515 BC) detailing the rise of Darius I to the Persian throne, can be seen as an early example of propaganda. The Arthashastra written by Chanakya (c. 350 – 283 BC), a professor of political science at Takshashila University and a prime minister of the Maurya Empire, discusses propaganda in detail, such as how to spread propaganda and how to apply it in warfare. His student Chandragupta Maurya (c. 340 – 293 BC), founder of the Maurya Empire, employed these methods during his rise to power.[9] The writings of Romans such as Livy (c. 59 BC – 17 AD) are considered masterpieces of pro-Roman propaganda. Another example of early propaganda would be the 12th century work The War of the Irish with the Foreigners, written by the Dál gCais to portray themselves as legitimate rulers of Ireland.
4. How is propaganda used? Propaganda also has much in common with public information campaigns by governments, which are intended to encourage or discourage certain forms of behavior (such as wearing seat belts, not smoking, not littering and so forth).
   Again, the emphasis is more political in propaganda. Propaganda can take the form of leaflets, posters, TV and radio broadcasts and can also extend to any other medium.
5. What is Propaganda? Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behavior of large numbers of people. Instead of impartially providing information, propaganda in its most basic sense presents information in order to influence its audience.
6. What is the most effective propaganda? The most effective propaganda is often completely truthful, but some propaganda presents facts selectively (thus lying by omission) to encourage a particular synthesis, or gives loaded messages in order to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented.
7. What is the techniques of propaganda? Propaganda shares techniques with advertising and public relations. Advertising and public relations can be thought of as propaganda that promotes a commercial product or shapes the perception of an organization, person or brand, though in post-World War II usage the word “propaganda” more typically refers to political or nationalist uses of these techniques or to the promotion of a set of ideas, since the term had gained a pejorative meaning, which commercial and government entities couldn’t accept.
8. What is the term for propaganda? Propaganda, in a narrower use of the term, connotes deliberately false or misleading information that supports or furthers a political (but not only) cause or the interests of those with power. The propagandist seeks to change the way people understand an issue or situation for the purpose of changing their actions and expectations in ways that are desirable to the interest group.
9. Why Think About Propadanda?

   Propaganda can be as blatant as a swastika or as subtle as a joke.Its persuasive techniques are regularly applied by politicians, advertisers, journalists, radio personalities,and others who are interested in influencing human behavior.Propagandistic messages can be used to accomplish positive social ends,as in campaigns to reduce drunk driving,but they are also used to win elections and to sell malt liquor.

10. Propagandists love short-cuts:

    Particularly those which short-circuit rational thought.They encourage this by agitating emotions,by exploiting insecurities, by capitalizing on the ambiguity of language and by bending the rules of logic.As history shows,they can be quite successful.

    Propaganda analysis exposes the tricks that propagandists use and suggests ways of resisting the short-cuts that they promote.This web-site discusses various propaganda techniques, provides contemporary examples of their use, and proposes strategies of mental self-defense.

11. Propaganda during WW2:

    The propaganda of World War two took on different forms. There were movies, posters and cartoons. Every item of propaganda was used to encourage Americans to support the war effort.The propaganda of World War two took on racist overtones.Japan was especially attacked.The Asian population looked different and had different values than the American population.Hence,the Japanese became a target for racism.

    Propagandists used the race issue to persuade Americans to support the war effort.The films produced for the army by Frank Capra are perhaps some of the most memorable propaganda used by the government during World War two.The seven films that Capra produced were collectively called “Why We Fight.” Many of the films focused on the dehumanization of the enemy.Capra accomplished this by using film and other materials captured from the enemy.

12. Japanese occupation education:

    Click this link to see the image .

    This tell us about a japanese language school in singapore during the period of 1942 – 1945 .
    - Why was there a japanese language school in singapore during that period of time ?

    -Who set up the school ?

    - How was the situation for the japanese that they could set up a school ?

    -Why was the school located at Queen Town but not other places?

    -How do they get the fund to set up the school?

Propaganda(pictures/posters or anything ):

1.  Description: This propaganda shows a British soldier and a Japanese soldier. It is telling us that there is a war happening. Therefore, must be careful. This propaganda attracts the audience by their opinions. From my opinion, this propaganda is trying to make the audience to be supporting the British soldier to save the war as they are in trouble. In other case also, it is also the way the audience think about who would win the war. [By Nissa]
2.  Post-War Propaganda: In the final months of 1918, as the war drew to a close, the CPI fell under increasing scrutiny from a war-weary American public and from the Republican majority that had gained control of Congress. On November 12, 1918, George Creel halted the domestic activities of the CPI. The activities of the foreign division were ended, amidst great controversy, a few months later. One might assume that the wartime propagandists then put down their pens and paintbrushes and returned to ordinary life. This was not the case. [Minwen]
3.  Description: This picture shows us that the US Office for War Information, propaganda message is work less and help our enemies. I know this because from the picture there is a man saying ” Go ahead please- TAKE DAY OFF!”. From here i can conclude that the Japanese want the British to take a day off so they could easily defeat the British because they are not well-prepared for the attack from them. [Minwen]
4.  1967 Chinese propaganda poster from the Cultural Revolution.Translation: “Smash the old world, establish a new world.”This propanganda shows that the chinese would start something new.It is an effort of forgeting the past.This makes a point of view,like agreeing with the propanganda.
5.  This is an example of propaganda – but this is British propaganda aginst Hitler because they were fighting WW2 in Europe agst the Germans
6. There are references here to Propaganda used by Japs and British: This is a primary source – eyewitness account from a young boy (16 year old) who lived through the war period.
7.  Description: This propaganda is telling the peoples not to belive in the propagandas. Don’t you think it is intresting??
8.  Description: Propaganda pervaded American society during World War two.Even Walt Disney was involved in propaganda.Children were not exempt from propaganda during World War two.This poster is advertising a cartoon that Disney put out in 1942. Here, we see Donald Duck incapacitating Hitler with an overripe tomato. Even this poster encourages the reader to buy war bonds and stamps for victory.
9.  Description: This is a propaganda showing that these country can merge and defeat the Japanese. They also want the innocent people to know that they are safe with their protection.I know this because, the picture is drawn from a low angle in another hand, we see it from a low angle. The reason of taking it from a low angle can make the canon more powerful. After having a look at this picture makes me feel more protected.
10. Description:

    Bugs Bunny Nips the Nips is a Merrie Melodies animated cartoon directed by Friz Freleng, produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions, and released to theatres on April 22, 1944 by Warner Bros. Pictures and The Vitaphone Corporation.

    The cartoon was made during World War II, and reflects the United States‘ attitude towards one of its main enemies at the time, Japan. In the cartoon, Bugs Bunny lands on an island in the Pacific and is pitted against a group of highly stereotyped Japanese soldiers. Bugs shows no mercy against the Japanese soldiers, greeting them with several racial slurs such as “monkey face” and “slant eyes”, making short work of a large sumo wrestler, and bombing most of the Japanese army using various explosives, including grenades hidden in ice cream bars. The cartoon’s title is a play on the verb “nip” as in “bite” and “Nip”, a then-widely used slur for Japanese people.

    The Film Daily called the seven minute short “good fun”, and gave the following synopsis:

    “Bugs Bunny, castaway on a Pacific isle, thinks the setting is ideal until he finds his paradise infested with Jap soldiers. How he single-handedly exterminates the enemy makes for a laugh-filled few minutes of typical Bugs antics, off-screen remarks and action in this Technicolor cartoon produced by Leon Schlesinger.”

11.  Extent of Japanese control in 1940.

    The Second Sino-Japanese War was a major war fought between China and Japan.It was the largest Asian war during the twentieh century.

    In Japanese propaganda,the invasion of China became a “holy war”the first step of the Hakko ichiu (eight corners of the world under one roof). When both sides formally declared war in December 1941, the name was replaced by Greater east asia war.

12.  Infering: I can infer from this picture that it tells us that the British want Britain to support them for a strong military among the world. I know this because as I can see from the picture, it shows all the good things like joining forces with them because the service need their support for them to win in the war. Thus this tells me that the British wants to gain trust by the Britain.
13.  Infering: Purpose of the propaganda – This propaganda wanted to influence the readers that the Japanese are also capable of ruling the countries or cities like how the Europeans does .

    Explaination – They wanted people in Asian to know of their power to bring countries in Asian together and rule it well too . There were many people cheering for the Japanese too  . They might have supported the Japanese actions .

    Evidence – From the picture , we can see many countries holding their country flags  and walking towards the Japanese . This tells us that many countries are alright working with the Japanese .  The propaganda also shows one representive of thailand shaking hand with the Japanese . They must have some kind of good relationship in order for them to shake hands with each other .  

    Link back - I know from this that the Japanese could be trying to improve their standing in the British mind as they made the propaganda look as if they had the support of many Asian countries .

14.  Description: This is a poster from World War I. Can you guess how is it influencing the viewers? This poster influence Americans to buy the Liberty Bonds. Don’t you think so??
15.  Don’t you think this picture is interesting? What did you think this picture is influencing people’s thoughts?This is a US propaganda from World War II in the 19th and 20th century. It is to depict that Hitler was a fool.

 Source Based Question:

1. The British Preparation for war in Singapore [By Nissa]

   Source A: Till late 1941, everyone believed that Singapore , the “impregnable fortress”, would not be affected by the war.  She was protected from the north by the war.  She was protected from the north by the thick Malayan jungles and from the south by coastal guns, spotted along the eastern and southwestern coasts of Singapore.  Troop reinforcements and the arrival of the Prince of Wales and the Repulse lulled the people into feeling that the British could easily drive off the Japanese.”

   Fortress Singapore

   The Battlefield Guide

   Source B: Such anti-Japanese activities bother the British who cannot see Japan as a threat even when there are reports of Japanese troop movements southwards.  British propaganda has it that Japanese planes are made of paper.  However, the bombs that fall on Singapore from Japanese planes in the early hours of 8 December 1941 are real bombs. The British are caught unprepared.The troops rushed here are untrained and without battle experience.The two British warships, Repulse and the Prince of Wales, sent to defend Singapore, are sunk by Japanese planes.  The Europeans retreated hastily down the Malayan Peninsula to the safety of Britain’s invincible naval base in Singapore.  In truth, this invincibility is a myth.  Lieutenant-General Tomoyuki Yamashita is undaunted by it.In a matter of 70 days, he sweeps down from the first Japanese landing point in Kota Bahru across the hastily repaired Causeway and into Singapore.”

   Singapore

   Journey into  Nationhood

   a) Read Source A

   Why do you think Singapore was described as the “impregnable fortress”?

   b)  Read Source B

   Explain in your own words what the author meant by the sentence “In truth, this invincibility is a myth”. Explain your answer with reference to the source and your contextual knowledge. 

Useful websites or addiional info:

1. Yesterday.sg
2. http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/war/war.html
3. Interview with a historian ( Australian) about the propaganda of Singapore as an impregnable fortress
4. ( study the British propaganda cartoon from Singapore newspaper, The Malaya Tribune, on Dec 3, 1941.) – shows u how the British tried to convince the people that they have nothing to worry about and that the British will win the war.

   - http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/war/headline/wendau.html and http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/war/headline/wbahau.html

5. Look at these Japanese Propaganda postcards – what was the purpose and message?
6.  media resources here
7. Added a lot more LINKS here, especially for propaganda – PW wiki
8. WHAT DOES OCCUPATION MEAN?

   Occupation has three meanings which are

   1.the action,state, or period of occupying or being occupied.

   2.a job or profession

   3.a way of spending time

   From the question,occupation means the action,state,or period of occupying or being occupied.

9. http://sec2ipw2008.wikispaces.com/
10. Topic info:

    Japanese occupation:

    • generally regarded by Singaporeans as the darkest period of Singaporean history. 
    • In addition to civilian casualties, numerous atrocities were committed by Japanese troops, particularly by the Kempeitai, the Japanese military’s secret police; the Japanese military used rape and comfort women (women forced into sexual slavery). 
    • Banana money was issued during the war, and would become worthless after the war was over.
    • Resources were scarce during the Occupation. The price of rice, for example had increased a thousandfold from five dollars per 100 catties of rice, or about 60 kilograms, to five thousand dollars.
    • The Japanese issued ration cards to control the amount of resources the population received: adults could purchase 4.8 kg of rice per month, and children 2.4 kg. The amount allowed for adults was reduced by 25% as the war progressed.
    • Food quality and availability decreased greatly. Tapioca, sweet potatoes and yam became the staple food of most diets of the population of Singapore because it was considerably cheaper than rice and could also be grown in gardens.

                                                                     

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Reflection1: Group work and individual contributions to project- include something on preparing for the presentations and what u learned having to teach the class I think that as a leader I have tried to help to keep the group going. I try to remind them what I to done and keep them posted. I think individually, I have tried to do research that are important and try to do it like SBQ. I have learnt some presentation skills from the presentation I have done earlier and failed. I learnt that when presentation the most important thing is to explain in your own words and not read from slides. I also learnt that preparing from presentation is also very important as you need to get the right information in-order to teach the class the right thing. If you failed to make them understand, the whole presentation will go to waste. So next time when I will be presentation, I will try to improve on what is important.

Reflection2: Problems encountered and attempts to solve these: what have you learned from this?
I agree that I had encountered problems druing this period of time. Sometimes members do not do their work but I try to constantly reminding them to do unless they want to fail. I also had problems like not being able to find to right information. The information must be related to the topic or research will be useless. I have learnt that sometimes solving problems need a few attempts to solve it.

Reflection3: Research , inferring, mindmapping, organising, questioning sources etc, multiliteracies skills ( English) such as planning movie, shooting, scripting, storyboarding.

I have learn quite a number of useful skills during this period of time. I learnt researching skills, when we research we need to check the author of the information before using it and if it is reliable and to check if the information is what you wanted. I also learnt how to infer, when inferring we need to find evidence and infer something depends on what the question wants. I have also learnt how to do mind-mapping, we can use mind mapping on different thing. To summarise or to understand more about something. So overall, mind-map can helps us understand more clearly about something we want to know. I also learnt how to organize. When organize something, like compo, we need to organise each paragraph by making sure each paragraph say only one thing and not chunk it all into one. Questioning can helps us learnt or understand more clearly about something it can be anything, school work, information. I learnt multiliteracies skill which is also important. I learnt planning movie, shooting, scripting and storybooarding. When we plan a movie, we need to have a storyboard. Storyboard is a kind of planning for movie, we need to plan how to shoot, the script. These are very important to the movie. I will use in skills in future when needed to.

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Please members..

If you wan to post a picture, a link or anything. Please give a description on it. I want to see comments given And reply to comments if you have one.

Task:

- Go to fort factory 1st to film again, must do planning 1st.

-Eric, please do your reflection. The importance of planning.

Thats all.

 Joranna; leader.

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Thing to prepare:1st part:

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